Data abstraction is the process of hiding certain details and showing only essential information to the user. Abstraction can be achieved with either abstract classes or interfaces (which you will ...

Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. The correct method is selected at runtime based on the actual object type.

Inheritance is a mechanism in Java where one class (subclass or child) can inherit the fields and methods of another class (superclass or parent). </br> This promotes code reuse, hierarchical class...

Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principles, along with Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. </br>It refers to the concept of wrapping data (fie...

Java provides standard ways to interact.

An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during the execution of a program, disrupting its normal flow.Example: Dividing by zero, accessing an invalid array index, or opening a missing file.

Loops allow a set of instructions to be executed repeatedly based on a condition.

Java provides control flow statements that allow your program to make decisions and execute different **blocks of code** based on conditions.

In Java, **operators** are special symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. An **expression** is a combination of variables, operators, and values that produces a result.

In Java, a variable is a container that holds data during the execution of a program. A data type specifies the type of value a variable can hold.